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| S.No | TERMS | DESCRIPTION | SOURCE |
| 1. | Accent Mark | The modifying mark of a character. Examples: the accent marks in Latin script (acute, tilde, and ogonek) and the tone marks in thai. Synonym: diacritic. | LISA |
| 2. | Alignment | The process of associating segments of text with their translations in a database or structured-text format based on unassociated representations. | LISA |
| 3. | Authoring | The process of creating textual content. | LISA |
| 4. | Back Translation | The process of re-translating already translated text back into the original source language. Back translation is sometimes used as an error-checking process. | LISA |
| 5. | Bidirectional Language | A language that is written primarily from right to left, but which may contain strings written from left to right, such as numbers or strings in another script. | LISA |
| 6. | Big5 | The name of the Chinese character set and encoding used extensively in Taiwan. | GALA |
| 7. | CAT | CAT is short for Computer Assisted Translation. CAT tools are software tools that can assist translators in their work. The tool includes: automated spell checks, grammar checks, terminology management software, and translation memory software. CAT tools are increasingly used to maintain consistency of terminology during translation within and across documents. They also allow reuse of already translated content to a certain extent. | |
| 8. | Controlled Language | A subset of natural language in which terminology, syntax, and style are purposefully restricted. Note: Controlled languages are mainly used to *make a source language easier to understand by native and non-native speakers; *facilitate machine translation; and *optimize reuse of translation memories by human translators. | LISA |
| 9. | Diacritic | A modifying mark applied to a base character. Examples include the acute [´], tilde [˜], and ogonek [˛] marks in the Latin script, tone marks in Thai, and vowel marks in Arabic and Hebrew. | LISA |
| 10. | Dialect | A variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by differences in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Dialect is always characteristic of a specific group of people ("Mandarin is widely spoken in Shanghai and Beijing). | GALA |
| 11. | DTP | Desk Top Publishing - The creation of documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale local economical multifunction peripheral output and distribution. | LISA |
| 12. | Encoding | Encoding is the process of transforming a set of Unicode characters (letters, numbers, punctuation, and certain symbols) into a specialized format for efficient transmission or storage.For example Chinese is a double byte language.If the encoding is not UTF-8 , then it will show junk characters and not the actual language text.XML documents can contain non ASCII characters, like Norwegian æ ø å , or French ê è é. | |
| 13. | Exact Match | A source text segment which corresponds exactly (100%) with a previously stored sentence in a translation memory (TM) tool. | LISA |
| 14. | Fuzzy Logic | A superset of Boolean logic dealing with the concept of partial truth values between "completely true" and "completely false". | LISA |
| 15. | Fuzzy Match | A result found using translation memory in which the segment is similar, but not identical, to a segment already in translation memory. E.g., “Install the windshield wiper (part 213942A)” would be a fuzzy match for “Install the windshield wiper (part 213942C)” because the part number differs. Fuzzy matches are presented to the translator so that the existing translation can be revised. | GALA |
| 16. | G11N | Software globalization, known as G11N refers to: I18N + L10N | Edutech Wiki |
| 17. | GILT | Acronym for Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, Translation. | LISA |
| 18. | Globalization | The process of making all the necessary technical, financial, managerial, personnel, marketing and other enterprise decisions necessary to facilitate international business. | LISA |
| 19. | GMX | Global information management Metrics eXchange, a family of existing and proposed standards maintained by LISA for providing metrics about texts and translation tasks. The three parts are GMX-Volume (word and character counts), GMX-Complexity (textual complexity) and GMX-Quality (translation quality requirements). | LISA |
| 20. | I18N | Internationalization, known as I18N. The 18 stands for the number of letters between the first I and last N in internationalization. | Edutech Wiki |
| 21. | Idiomatic Translation | A translation that conveys the meaning of the original, or source text, by using equivalent language and the forms and structures of the target language, in order to produce a translation that reads like an original. | Barinas |
| 22. | Internationalization | The process of designing an application so that the feature design and code design do not make assumptions that are based on a single language or locale. Internationalization simplifies the creation of different language editions of a program. One goal of internationalization is to ensure that international conventions (including rules for sorting strings and for formatting dates, times, numbers, and currencies) are supported. Another goal is to design the product in such a way that users will experience consistent appearance and functionality across different language editions of a product. Internationalization is often abbreviated as I18N. The abbreviation is formed using the first and last letters of the word (I, N) and the number 18, which specifies the number of letters between the I and the N. | LISA |
| 23. | L10n | Localization, known as l10n (or L10N) , is composed of the l of localization,followed by 10 letters (ocalizatio) and the final n of localization. | Edutech Wiki |
| 24. | LISA | Localization Industry Standards Association | LISA |
| 25. | Literal Translation | Translation that attempts to convey the meaning of each word (or even meaningful portion of a word) in the source text. Varying degrees of literal translation are possible, from so-called “morphemic glosses” that translate every part of a word where possible, without regard to intelligibility, to translations that attempt to preserve word choices and broad structures while still producing intelligible (although stilted) output. | LISA |
| 26. | Localization | The process of modifying products or services to account for differences in distinct markets.the process of adapting software for a particular geographical region (locale). Translation of the user interface, system messages, and documentation is a large part (but not all) of the localization process. Localization is often abbreviated as L10N. This abbreviation is formed using the first and last letters of the word (L, N) and the number 10, which specifies the number of letters between the L and the N. | LISA |
| 27. | LTI | Localization, Translation and Interpretation | GALA |
| 28. | (LSP) Language Service Provider | A company that provides translation, localization, and/or internationalization services. | LISA |
| 29. | Machine Translation | A translation tool that automatically translates text based either on linguistic parsing or on similar text stored in a database. The application of computers to the task of translating texts from one natural language to another. | LISA |
| 30. | Markup Language | Surrounding text with beginning and ending tags, typically set off in angle brackets.For example: This is bold. Translators must take care to leave the words in the tags alone. Translation memory tools that are markup aware (e.g., Trados, TagEditor) do not change tags, except for certain quoted material inside a tag's attributes. e.g. HTML, SGML, and XML. | GALA |
| 31. | MLV (Multi-Language Vendor) | A language service provider that provides translation or localization into more than one language, as well as (usually) project management and a variety of value-added services. | LISA |
| 32. | Multilingual | Refers to software that supports more than one language simultaneously, thereby allowing the end user to select multiple languages and formats. This software allows data containing multiple languages to be entered, processed, presented and transmitted multinationally. | GALA |
| 33. | NLP | Natural Language processing (NLP) is a field of computer science and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. Natural language generation systems convert information from computer databases into readable human language. | Wikipedia |
| 34. | Proofreading | The practice of reviewing translated text to identify and correct errors. Proofreading involves less editing than post-editing. | LISA |
| 35. | Resource File | A file containing text and other content that is loaded by a program at runtime. Localization often involves the translation of resource files so that appropriately translated text can be access without altering the application’s architecture. | LISA |
| 36. | Segment | A unit of text, typically a sentence or paragraph, that is used as the basis for a linguistic process or in a translation tool. | LISA |
| 37. | SLV (Single Language Vendor) | A language service provider that provides translation or localization into one language. The smallest SLVs are freelance translators, while larger SLVs may employ many translators. | LISA |
| 38. | Source Language | Original language of text or speech which is translated into another language. | LISA |
| 39. | SRX | Segmentation Rules eXchange (SRX) is the vendor-neutral standard for describing how translation and other language-processing tools segment text for processing. It allows Translation Memory (TM) and other linguistic tools to describe the language-specific processes by which text is broken into segments (usually sentences or paragraphs) for further processing. |
LISA |
| 40. | Target Language | Language into which text or speech is translated OR localized. | LISA |
| 41. | TBX | TermBase eXchange. A vendor-neutral open XML standard for the exchange of terminological data. | LISA |
| 42. | Term Extraction | The selection of terms and their contexts from a corpus, usually done by a term extraction tool, for analysis and inclusion in a terminology database. Note: Also called term mining or term harvesting (buzzwords). | LISA |
| 43. | Terminology List | A list of terms and their translations to be used in localization. | LISA |
| 44. | TMM Translation Memory Managers | Relates to the idea that there is a database with text segments in the source language and their translations in one or more target languages. A text segment corresponds to sentences or equivalent (e.g. titles or bullet items). | Translatus |
| 45. | TMM Translation Memory Managers | Relates to the idea that there is a database with text segments in the source language and their translations in one or more target languages. A text segment corresponds to sentences or equivalent (e.g. titles or bullet items). | Edutech Wiki |
| 46. | TMX | TMX (Translation Memory eXchange) is an open XML standard for the exchange of translation memory data created by computer-aided translation and localization tools. | Wikipedia |
| 47. | Translation Agency | A translation agency is a company that provides translation and related services. | |
| 48. | Translation Memory | A translation tool that stores text segments (usually sentences) and their translations in a database and automatically retrieves translations for text that is already in the database (usually from a previous version of the text). The tool may also find similar segments and their translations to assist the translator. | LISA |
| 49. | Translation Portal | A Web site or service that offers a broad array of resources via the Internet, thus providing a marketplace for translation agencies, freelance translators and customers to exchange services. | GALA |
| 50. | UI (User Interface) | Those components of product through which the user interacts with the product, usually consisting of an input channel and an output channel. User interfaces can be constructed along various modalities (on-screen text, speech, graphics, etc.). | LISA |
| 51. | Unicode | Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Character Set standard and published in book form as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode consists of a repertoire of more than 107,000 characters covering 90 scripts, a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding methodology and set of standard character encodings, an enumeration of character properties such as upper and lower case, a set of reference data computer files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic or Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). | Wikipedia |
| 52. | Unicode Transfer Format (UTF-8 ) | An encoding form of Unicode that supports ASCII for backward compatibility and covers the characters for most languages in the world. | GALA |
| 53. | Word Count | A word count states the number of words in a document and is often used to determine job pricing. Word counts vary across different technologies, meaning your provider’s word count might differ from your own. The word count tool in MSWord is easy to use and can be fairly accurate if the document contains straight text with few or no text boxes. Complex documents require a more sophisticated analysis tool (such as Trados or Wordfast) to produce accurate word counts. | Translatus |
| 54. | XLIFF | XLIFF (XML Localization Interchange File Format) is an XML-based format created to standardize localization. XLIFF was standardized by OASIS in 2002. Its current specification is v1.2 (as of 2008-01-22).The specification is aimed at the localization industry. It specifies elements and attributes to aid in localization. | Wikipedia |
| 55. | XSL | Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), a family of transformation languages which allows one to describe how files encoded in the XML standard are to be formatted or transformed. | LISA |
